Research
TB-500 Peptide Fact Sheet
| Molecular formula: | C212H350N56O78S |
| Molecular weight: |
4963.44 g/mol
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| CAS Number | 77591-33-4 |
| PubChem CID | 16132341 |
| Synonyms |
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| Research Applications: |
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TB-500 Research Overview
TB-500, also known as Thymosin Beta-4, is a peptide that plays a significant role in various biological processes. It is present in high concentrations in various adult tissues, including the spleen, lungs, thymus, brain, and heart, and is associated with the induction of angiogenesis and accelerated wound healing. TB-500 is a synthetic version of this naturally occurring peptide and has been shown to promote wound healing, muscle building, and recovery time of muscles. It is also linked with treatment for a variety of autoimmune diseases and infections.
TB-500 and Wound Healing and Tissue Repair
Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4), also known as TB-500, is a naturally occurring peptide that has been extensively studied for its wound healing and tissue repair properties. Research has demonstrated that Tβ4 can accelerate wound healing by promoting cell migration, angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), and collagen deposition, which are all crucial steps in the repair process.
A 1999 study found that Tβ4 enhanced wound healing in a rat model, increasing reepithelialization and wound contraction significantly compared to controls. A study from 2013 demonstrated that a novel dimeric form of Tβ4 had enhanced activities compared to native Tβ4, particularly in promoting cell migration and accelerating dermal healing in rats [R, R].
A 2015 study focused on the controlled release of Tβ4 using a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold, which showed promising results in augmenting cutaneous wound healing and increasing angiogenesis in diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia. The scaffold allowed for localized and prolonged effects of Tβ4, leading to faster wound reepithelialization, better dermal reorganization, and increased vascularization [R].
TB-500 and Cardiovascular Health
Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4) is a multifunctional peptide that has been found to play a significant role in cardiovascular health. Research has shown that Tβ4 has therapeutic effects on heart-related diseases such as myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. It has been identified in a 2010 study as the first known molecule capable of initiating simultaneous myocardial and vascular regeneration after systemic administration [R, R].
Tβ4 has been found to promote myocardial survival in hypoxia and stimulate neoangiogenesis, leading to cardiac repair after injury. A 2021 study also identified Tβ4 as a key regulator for maintaining vascular health, protecting against aortic aneurysm [R, R].
During cardiac development, Tβ4 is essential for vascularization of the myocardium. In adult organisms, it has anti-inflammatory properties and increases myocyte and endothelial cell survival. A 2023 study indicated that Tβ4, along with other factors, can promote cardiac regeneration after ischemic injury [R, R].
TB-500 and Neuroprotection
A 2012 study found that Tβ4 treatment initiated 6 hours post-injury reduced brain damage and improved functional recovery in rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The treatment significantly reduced hippocampal cell loss and increased cell proliferation in the injured cortex and hippocampus [R].
Further research in the same year showed that Tβ4 not only reduces inflammation but also stimulates remyelination, which is the process of forming a new myelin sheath over damaged nerve fibers. This study also found that Tβ4 improved functional recovery in animal models of experimental TBI [R].
In a 2015 study, it was discovered that Tβ4 treatment enhances angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels) and neurogenesis (the formation of new neurons) when administered 24 hours or more post-injury. This suggests that Tβ4 could be a potential therapy for neural injury and neurodegenerative diseases [R].
More recent studies have expanded on these findings. In a 2020 study, it was found that Tβ4 can target multiple nerve cells, including neurons, oligodendrocytes, and microglia, in animal models of nerve injury. In 2021, researchers proposed that Tβ4 could potentially be used to treat a range of conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, spinal cord injury, and chronic pain. The study also found that Tβ4 reversed phenotypic polarization of glial cells and cognitive impairment in mice, suggesting a potential role in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease [R, R].
TB-500 and Muscle Building and Recovery
A 2010 study found that chronic administration of Tβ4 was beneficial for skeletal muscle fiber regeneration in dystrophin deficient mice, suggesting a potential role in muscle repair and recovery. Tβ4 has also been shown to decrease apoptosis, or programmed cell death, by increasing antiapoptotic proteins, which could contribute to its muscle recovery effects [R, R].
TB-500 and Autoimmune Diseases
In a 2023 study, Tβ4 was found to alleviate the symptoms of autoimmune dacryoadenitis in rabbits, likely by suppressing Th17 cell responses. Another study found that Tβ4 inhibits TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation, a process involved in the inflammatory response to injury, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory role for Tβ4 [R, R].
Tβ4 has also been found to have immunoregulatory functions, helping to improve the outcomes of ocular inflammation. Furthermore, Tβ4 is being investigated for its potential therapeutic effects on various heart-related diseases such as myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion [R, R].
TB-500 and Infection Control
A 2021 study found that recombinant human Tβ4 significantly increased the survival rate of mice infected with a mouse coronavirus by inhibiting virus replication, balancing the host’s immune response, and promoting liver repair. Another study from the same year found that Tβ4 does not appear to play a direct or synergistic role with antibiotics in bacterial killing, but it does enhance the inhibitory effects of certain antibiotics [R, R].
Tβ4 has also been found to have anti-inflammatory properties and promotes cell migration, which is crucial for wound healing. In the context of dermal healing, Tβ4 has been identified as a regenerative protein that accelerates the repair of chronic dermal wounds [R, R].
